Abstract: To improve the accuracy of inversion results of aerosol optical parameters, the rotational Raman-Mie lidar developed by our laboratory and NASA's CALIPSO were employed for experimental implementation. Without any hypothesis on the lidar ratio, the vertical distributions of aerosol optical parameters in sunny, haze, and after-rain day over Beijing region in the spring of 2012 were inverted using only two elastic lidar backscatter signals. Experiment shows that this method could effectively obtain the vertical distribution profiles of aerosol backscatter coefficient and aerosol extinction coefficient. The value of aerosol extinction coefficient is the highest in haze day, it comes secondly in sunny day and it is the smallest in after-rain day.