道路货运市场社会雇佣车辆运价优化模型研究

Study on Pricing Optimization Model of For-Hire Truck in the Highway Freight Market

  • 摘要: 针对为数众多的承运人在纷繁复杂的买方市场下进行着以价格为焦点的激烈竞争这一问题,本文引入两种可替代服务价格对特定货运需求的共同影响,尝试运价制定的新方法. 借用计量经济学中联立方程组对经济系统的表述办法,构建了社会雇佣车辆运输市场的双价需求函数模型,并考虑完全竞争和垄断竞争两种市场结构类型,讨论模型的识别和标定. 将外地车与本地车看作雇佣车辆运输市场的两类寡头,选用伯特兰德寡占模型,利用双价需求函数模型的参数标定结果,以利润最大化为目标计算二者的最优均衡定价. 研究结果表明,分为高、低两种价位探讨社会雇佣车辆的运价制定问题是合理并可行的,在不同的道路货运市场结构下会有不同的优化价格出现.

     

    Abstract: Since there is more redundant supply capacity in the highway freight market, the competition between the carriers for the price becomes fierce in the buyer market. To solve this problem, this paper attempted a new pricing method introducing the associated influence of two substitutable service prices on given freight demand. As an economic system, the dual-price demand function model of for-hire truck freight market was established with the expression technique of simultaneous equations in econometrics. Considering two kinds of market structures——perfect competitive market and monopolistic competition market, the identification and calibration of the established model were discussed. The local truck and the foreign truck were regarded as two oligarchs in the for-hire truck freight market. By calibrating the parameters of the dual-price demand function in the Bertrand oligarch model, the optimal equilibrium prices were obtained by maximizing the profit for both carrier types. This research shows that it is reasonable and feasible for the for-hire truck to price at two levels, and that the optimal equilibrium prices turn to be different in the distinct market structures of highway freight market. The study provides an exploratory analytical view and the necessary theoretical support to revise the freight price, to regulate the market order and to avoid the vicious competition.

     

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