Abstract: Turbocharging systems for a piston aero-gasoline engine were investigated to improve the engine's performances at high altitudes. Simulation models of the piston aero-gasoline engine were developed by GT-Power. The simulation results showed that turbocharging systems can effectively improve the performances of the piston aero-gasoline engine at high altitudes. The engine can work at 7 km altitude when it is one-stage turbocharged. It can work at 8~9 km altitude when it is pneumatic controlled two-stage turbocharged. The engine can even work at 10~11 km altitude with electronic controlled two-stage turbocharging system.