Abstract: As a national strategic emerging industry, the safe operation of the low-altitude economy is of paramount importance. However, low-altitude airspace is characterized by high density, high dynamism, and high heterogeneity in its operations, thereby significant increasing flight safety risks. Existing studies focus on single technologies or partial aspects, lacking a systematic review and a comprehensive analysis of the full chain of perception, assessment and control technologies. This review systematically reviewed low-altitude flight risk management: the definition of low-altitude flight risk was clarified and four key categories of risks were analyzed. Then, the research progress in risk perception, assessment and control was summarized. Furthermore, four key scientific issues were identified, including multi-scale risk evolution mechanism, multi-source heterogeneous data fusion perception, multi-risk coupling inference and assessment, and adaptive risk control. Finally, an outlook on the development trends trends of low-altitude flight risk perception, assessment and control technologies presented. This review aims to provide a systematic reference for low-altitude flight risk management and low-altitude economy’s stable development.