Abstract: The overlap factor profile is an important parameter in LiDAR detection. Accurately obtaining this profile plays a crucial role in LiDAR simulation design and data inversion. Therefore, a method was proposed to calculate the field-of-view weight on the primary mirror plane of the receiving telescope for determining the overlap factor profile. Using this method, first the telescope’s effective size coefficient at different distances was calculated; then Zemax ray-tracing was used to obtain the emission and reception intensity distribution at various distances. The overlap factor profile was derived by calculating the ratio of laser intensity, weighted by the effective size coefficient, to the total intensity of emitted laser. By combining this method with a telecover test, overlap factor profiles for different quadrants were obtained. This method was applied to a laboratory LiDAR system, where simulations provided the overlap factor profile. The influence of system misalignment on simulation results was analyzed, and the impact of misalignment on the overlap factors of different quadrants during the telecover test was discussed.