改进Hybrid A*算法的履带车辆路径规划

Path Planning for Tracked Vehicles Based on Improved Hybrid A* Algorithm

  • 摘要: 针对非结构化道路场景下,二维栅格地图规划的路径不适用于履带车辆的问题,利用Hybrid A*算法进行改进. 设定自适应步长和自适应RS曲线半径,改变Hybrid A*节点扩展方法,根据节点所在位置及周围障碍物情况实现步长和RS曲线半径的动态扩展,提高路径搜索的效率和灵活性;引入坡度代价函数,并对原代价函数进行改进,使路径避开地形起伏较大的区域,降低车辆运动过程中的俯仰和侧倾变化,减小路径的转向操作;通过梯度下降法对路径进行平滑处理,保证路径不与障碍物发生碰撞的同时降低曲率的变化,提高路径质量. 经过仿真验证表明:自适应步长Hybrid A*-自适应RS曲线半径的路径规划算法可获得更短和转向更平滑的路径,具有较高的效率和灵活性;考虑坡度、转向的代价函数可有效降低路径在非结构化道路下的起伏,更利于车辆的跟踪和控制.

     

    Abstract: The Hybrid A* algorithm was utilized to solve the problem that the paths planned by 2D grid maps are not applicable to tracked vehicles in unstructured road scenarios. An adaptive step size and an adaptive RS curve radius were set, and the node expansion method of Hybrid A* was altered. Based on the position of the node and the situation of surrounding obstacles, the dynamic expansion of the step size and the RS curve radius was achieved, enhancing the efficiency and flexibility of path search. A slope cost function was introduced, and the original cost function was improved, enabling the path to effectively avoid areas with significant terrain undulations, reducing the pitch and roll changes during the vehicle’s movement and minimizing the turning operations of the path. The path was smoothed through the gradient descent method, ensuring that the path did not collide with obstacles while reducing the change in curvature and improving the path quality. Simulation verification shows that the path planning algorithm with an adaptive step size Hybrid A*-adaptive RS curve radius can obtain shorter paths with smoother turns, demonstrating high efficiency and flexibility. The cost function taking slope and turning into consideration can effectively reduce the undulations of the path on unstructured roads, which is more conducive to vehicle tracking and control.

     

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