活性材料冲击压缩及反应行为模拟方法研究进展

Simulation Method on Shock Compression and Shock-Induced Chemical Reaction Behaviors of Reactive Materials

  • 摘要: 近年来,以含能结构材料、含能非晶合金、含能高熵合金等为代表的活性材料受到广泛关注. 由于兼具结构强度特性和冲击反应释能特性,活性材料在高效毁伤和防护领域有十分重要的应用前景. 其中,活性材料的冲击压缩响应行为及反应释能特性是该类材料设计和应用中关注的重点,研究人员在考虑其冲击反应行为的数值模拟方法上开展了大量的研究工作. 本文基于活性材料宏观反应行为受微/细观结构特性控制的特点,从不同时空尺度对活性材料的冲击压缩及反应行为数值模拟方法的研究现状进行了综述,系统梳理了分子动力学模拟、冲击压缩特性细观模拟、冲击反应行为跨尺度模拟、冲击压缩及反应行为宏观尺度模拟方法等4个方面的研究进展. 总结认为,活性材料的冲击压缩动力学响应特性数值模拟及冲击反应特性宏−细观尺度关联机制的研究已取得了较大进展,考虑反应弛豫时间和非自持反应特性的点火模型在宏观尺度数值模拟中得到发展与应用. 但是,目前数值模拟中关于反应诱发后活性材料动力学行为的描述主要基于火/炸药等典型含能材料的本构模型,仅能实现对活性材料冲击反应行为的表观呈现,而对活性毁伤元作用过程关键参数的精确预测仍存在一定差距. 因此,建立准确描述活性材料撞击点火、反应发展、释能做功过程的全时域理论模型,基于此发展该类材料冲击反应行为高可靠性数值模拟技术,是实现活性材料冲击反应释能特性调控和工程化应用的关注焦点.

     

    Abstract: Recently, reactive materials such as energetic structural materials, energetic amorphous alloys and energetic high-entropy alloys have caused extensive concern. Due to the dual properties of better structure intensity and energy release behavior as shocked reaction, reactive materials have better application prospects, especially the applications in high-efficiency damage and defend areas. Herein, the shock-compress response and the energy release behavior are the most important properties in the design and application process, conducting many extensive researches in the simulations of the shock-induced chemical reaction behavior. In this paper, considering the controllable macroscopically on the shock reaction of reactive materials by its microstructures, the simulation method was reviewed from different time and space scales, including molecular dynamics simulation methods, mesoscale simulation methods on shock dynamic behaviors, trans-scale simulation methods on shock reaction behaviors, as well as macroscale simulation methods on shock dynamics and chemical reactions. Review results show that there has been significant progress in the simulation on shock dynamics and correlative mechanism between the shock reaction characteristics from mesoscale to macroscale. And, the impact ignition model has been developed and applied in the macroscale simulations, considering the ignition delay time and the non-self-sustaining reaction characteristics. However, the simulations to calculate dynamic behaviors of reactive materials after reaction initiated are still based on the constitutive model of gunpowder or explosives at present, causing can only present the shock reaction behavior of reactive materials but can not give accurate prediction on the damage capacity of reactive kill elements. Therefore, a full time-domain theoretical model of reactive materials was established to describe its impact ignition, evolution of reaction and energy release process. And then, a high precision simulation model was developed based on the theoretical model, taken as the key technology to realize the control of energy release behavior and engineering applications of such materials.

     

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