Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries have developed rapidly in the energy field because of their high energy density. Silicon-based anode is considered to be the most promising anode material after graphite because of its high theoretical specific capacity. But volume expansion will cause capacity decay and coulombic efficiency reduction, limiting its commercial application. In this paper, the working principle and existing problems and challenges of silicon-based anode were described. The emphasis was on the systematic explanation of the silicon-based anode from three aspects: the structure design and modification, the development of binder and the electrolyte additive, and the development trend of the silicon-based negative electrode in the future is prospected.