Abstract: A structural topology optimization method was established to solve the problems of complicated calculation process, low calculation efficiency, and convergence difficulty of structural topology optimization under dynamic impact loading. Bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization and the equivalent static loads method structural optimization were combined, and the weight method and the material interpolation model were introduced. The topology optimization of single and double phase composite materials and structures were realized by an optimization algorithm with nested loop structure for impact loading. According to two examples, the feasibility and efficiency of the method were verified, and the dynamic response of the optimized structure was analyzed. The analysis results show that the structure optimized by the improved method could better adapt to impact loading. This method is more suitable for topology optimization design under impact load. The optimization process is simple with a higher calculation efficiency, and the optimization is stable and efficient.