Abstract: Biodiversity is one of the most important bases for a country’s socio-economic sustainable development. There are some challenges for China’s biodiversity law system, especially in the “mainstreaming” in legal aspect and the inadequate responses to biosecurity. In the context of ecological civilization, it is necessary to coordinate the protection and sustainable use of biodiversity, follow the path of holistic biodiversity rule of law and promote global biodiversity governance based on the concept of ecological development, ecological synergy and ecological cooperation. It is necessary to take advantage of codification of environmental law to promote the systematization of biodiversity law, improve key legal institutions based on the principle of precaution, and perfect the coordination mechanism and biodiversity management system.