Abstract: At present, the global emission reduction efforts are still far from achieving the 2°C and 1.5°C targets. And there are substantial differences between the efforts made by countries in climate change mitigation. In this context, it is essential to identify the countries or dimensions in which efforts need to be enhanced. Considering the urgency of addressing climate change, the heterogeneity of climate actions among countries, and the level of socio-economic and technological development, the Global Climate Protection Index (GCPI) was constructed to quantitatively evaluate countries’ efforts to mitigate climate change degree. The index includes four dimensions of low-carbon technology, low-carbon energy, low-carbon economy and climate policy, and contains 15 indicators. The GCPI was applied to 60 countries, covering over 85% of global CO₂ emissions. According to the results, four types of countries with high to low levels of climate protection efforts were identified, namely, highly effective, actively aggressive, stably progressing, and full of potential. The detailed performances of different dimensions for countries were further investigated, which can provide policy implications for fields where countries need to strengthen actions or cooperate in the future. The study found that Denmark, Ireland, China, the United Kingdom and Germany have made great efforts to deal with climate change in general. Also, each country has its own strengths in climate protection efforts. Multilateral cooperation in combination with one’s own characteristics and advantageous fields is conducive to jointly advancing the process of global climate governance and achieving win-win results.