Abstract: Based on the interprovincial panel data of China from 2008 to 2017, this paper empirically tests the impact of agricultural product trade on agricultural green total factor productivity from the perspective of rural financial development. It is found that: (1) The import trade of agricultural products and the export trade of agricultural products are beneficial to the promotion of agricultural green total factor productivity, among which, the export trade of agricultural products is more effective. (2) Compared with the channel of agricultural green technology efficiency, agricultural products trade has a stronger effect on agricultural green total factor productivity by promoting agricultural green technology progress. (3) Agricultural product trade can play a positive role in the promotion of agricultural green total factor productivity by promoting rural financial development, that is, the transmission mechanism of agricultural trade → rural financial development → agricultural green total factor productivity exists. (4) The impact of agricultural product trade on agricultural green total factor productivity has a double threshold effect based on rural financial development. In the dynamic process of rural financial development from low to high, the promotion of agricultural product trade to agricultural green total factor productivity has gradually increased. Therefore, in order to promote the effective promotion of agricultural green total factor productivity, on the one hand, we cannot do without the sustainable and healthy development of agricultural trade; on the other hand, we need to fully integrate the actual situation of rural financial development level in various regions, and implement differentiated agricultural trade policies, so as to give full play to the positive green productivity spillover effect of agricultural trade.