Abstract: To effectively protect the soil, prevent and reduce soil pollution, China is working to enact Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Act.With respect to the present circumstances, china's soil environmental quality declines generally and soil pollution aggravates, the keystones of soil pollution prevention legislation are coordinating china's soil environmental protection with the reality of soil pollution prevention, learning the western painful lesson of "harnessing after pollution", following the objective principle of soil environmental protection and establishing basic principles and core content of the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Act. Therefore,china's soil pollution prevention legislation shall, destructed by the basic principles of "protection priority, prevention primacy, risk control and comprehensive management", set the specific framework and provisions by setting "the protection of soil, improvement and control of risk" as its core area.